Fire Safety Course – Module – I

Module 1: Understanding Fire and its Behavior

1.1 The Fire Triangle/Tetrahedron:

Details: Explains the essential elements required for a fire to start and sustain: fuel, oxygen, and heat (fire triangle), and the addition of a chemical chain reaction (fire tetrahedron). Different types of fuel (solid, liquid, gas) and their properties are discussed. The role of oxygen in combustion and the various sources of ignition (heat) are explored. The importance of breaking the fire triangle/tetrahedron to extinguish a fire is emphasized.
Outcome: Participants will be able to identify the elements necessary for a fire and explain how removing any of these elements can extinguish it.

1.2 Fire Behavior:

Details: Covers the stages of fire development: ignition, growth, flashover, and decay. Explains the factors influencing fire spread: fuel type, oxygen availability, ventilation, and the effects of temperature and smoke. Discusses the dangers of backdraft and smoke explosion.

Outcome: Participants will understand the stages of fire development and the factors that influence its behavior, enabling them to anticipate potential hazards.

1.3 Smoke and its Hazards:

Details: Explains the composition of smoke and its toxic components. Highlights the dangers of smoke inhalation, including asphyxiation, irritation, and poisoning. Discusses the impact of smoke on visibility and escape routes.
Outcome: Participants will recognize the severe dangers of smoke inhalation and the importance of avoiding smoke-filled areas during a fire.

1.4 Classes of Fires:

Details: Covers the different classes of fires (A, B, C, D, K) based on the type of fuel involved:
Class A: Ordinary combustibles (wood, paper, cloth).
Class B: Flammable liquids (gasoline, oil, grease).
Class C: Electrical fires.
Class D: Combustible metals (magnesium, titanium).
Class K: Cooking oils and fats.
Outcome: Participants will be able to classify fires based on the fuel source and select the appropriate extinguishing agent.

Learning Summary (Module 1):
Fire requires fuel, oxygen, and heat (and a chemical chain reaction). Understanding fire behavior and the dangers of smoke are crucial for fire safety. Different classes of fires require different extinguishing methods.